Inquiry about origin and issuance of fatwa

maulana, agla sawal mr. khwaja kaleemuddin sahib ne bheja hai pennsylvania usa se, unhon ne likha hai, "maulana sahib, what is the origin of word fatwa? has this word been used during prophet and his companions' time ? does anyone need a certificate to issue a fatwa? isn't any scholar's view in his article equivalent to a fatwa? does he have to express his views under the title of fat

wa? please clarify this issue." dekhiye, fatwa ka lafz to khud hadith mein aaya hai "istafti qalbaka", lekin fatwa jo institution ban gaya hai, woh pehle hargiz nahi tha. yeh to baad mein hua hai. pehle zamane mein fatwa koi institution nahi tha. fatwa ka matlab tha ke opinion, fatwa ke lafzi maani opinion. yaani ek aalim se aap poochein aur woh bataye apni rai to that is fatwa. ab jo ban gaya institution, woh hargiz is zamane mein nahi tha.

is liye sahi, is liye fatwa apni jagah par durust hai, lekin woh isi maani mein hai ke ek aalim apni rai bataye, woh rai kisi ke liye sirf ek rai ho, bas us se zyada aur kuch nahi. aur rai bhi pooche apne bare mein, jaise kuch logon ne poocha mufti se ke sania mirza ka libas kaisa hai, islam ke mutabiq hai ke nahi. to unhon ne fatwa de diya ke islam ke mutabiq nahi. woh poochna bhi galat tha, fatwa dena bhi galat tha. khud sania mirza agar pooche to aap bata sakte hain. kisi ke bare mein koi doosra pooche to bilashuba unislamic hai.

maulana, agla sawal kashmir se bheja hai raees ahmad dar sahib ne, unhon ne likha hai, "maulana sahib, kya yeh marifat har insan ke bas ki baat hai?